Special Region of Yogyakarta is the provincial level in Indonesia which is a fusion of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta State and State Pakualaman. Special Region of Yogyakarta, located in the southern part of the island of Java, and bordering the province of Central Java and the Indian Ocean. Special Region has an area of 3185.80 km2 which consists of one municipality, and four districts, which are subdivided into 78 districts, and 438 villages / wards. According to the 2010 population census had a population of 3.45239 million inhabitants with the proportion of 1,705,404 men and 1,746,986 women, and has a population density of 1,084 people per square km.
The mention of the nomenclature of Yogyakarta Special Region is too long term cause condensation nomenclature into DI Yogyakarta or DIY. Special Region is often associated with the city of Yogyakarta so that it is less precise often referred to Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Jogjakarta. Although geographically the second smallest province after the Jakarta Special Region is renowned nationally and internationally, principally as a prime tourist destination after Bali Province. Yogyakarta Special Region experienced several major natural disasters including the earthquake on May 27, 2006, eruption of Mount Merapi during October-November 2010, and the eruption of Mount Kelud, East Java on February 13, 2014.
Yogyakarta is a paradise for tourists both local and long distance calls. Yogayakarta have tourist places beautiful and exotic, delicious typical food Jogja and famous, beautiful scenery, clean beaches and natural heritage places of antiquity and many tourist attractions that can make your holiday special.
Culture in Jogja still strong, because people are still enthusiastic Jogja maintain their culture.
Before the independence of Indonesia, Yogyakarta is an area that has its own government or called Zelfbestuurlandschappen / Autonomous Regions, namely the Sultanate Ngayogyakarta and Duchy Pakualaman. Ngayogyakarta Sultanate was founded by Prince Mangkubumi who holds the lane I in 1755, while the Duchy Pakualaman founded by Prince Notokusumo (brother lane II) which holds the Duke of Paku Alam I in 1813. Dutch East Indies government recognizes the Sultanate, and Pakualaman as empire with the right set its own domestic politics stated in the contract. Political contract last Sultanate listed in Staatsblaad 1941 No. 47, while the political contract Pakualaman in 1941 Staatsblaad No. 577. The existence of the two kingdoms has received international recognition, both in the Dutch colonial period, Britain, and Japan. When the Japanese left Indonesia, both the kingdom was ready to become a state's own independent, complete with a system of government (original composition), the region, and its inhabitants.
After the Proclamation of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia (RI), lane IX and Sri Paku Alam VIII declared to the President, that the Region of Yogyakarta Sultanate, and the Regional Pakualaman into the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, merge into a single entity that is declared as a Special District of Yogyakarta (DIY) , Lane IX and Sri Paku Alam VIII as Regional Head and Deputy Head is directly responsible to the President. It was stated in:
Charter notch lane IX and Sri Paku Alam VIII, dated August 19, 1945 from the President.
The mandate of the lane IX and Sri Paku Alam VIII dated September 5, 1945 (made separately).
Mandate Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX and Sri Paku Alam VIII, dated October 30, 1945 (made in the script).
In the course of subsequent history notch DIY as province-level autonomous regions for the purposes of article 18 of Law 1945 (before the change) is regulated by Law No. 22 Year 1948 on Basic Law on Local Government. As a follow up later Yogyakarta Special Region was established by Act No. 3 of 1950 on the Establishment of Yogyakarta Special Region Government Regulation No. 31 of 1950 as amended and supplemented the latest by Law No. 9 of 1955 (State Gazette 1959 No. 71, Additional State Gazette No. 1819) which is still in force. In the law declared DIY covering the Sultanate Ngayogyakarta Regional, and Local Pakualaman Duchy. At any legislation governing the Regional Government, expressed privileges DIY continues to be recognized, as stated last in Law No. 32 of 2004.
In the history of the struggle for the independence of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), DIY has an important role. Proven on January 4, 1946 until December 27, 1949 once used as the capital of the Republic of Indonesia. January 4 is then set to be the city of Yogyakarta Republic in 2010. At this time Ngayogyakarta Sultanate led by Sri Sultan HB X and the Duchy Pakualaman led by Sri Paku Alam IX, which once served as Governor and Deputy Governor of Yogyakarta. Both play a decisive role in preserving cultural values, and customs of Java and is unifying the people of Yogyakarta.
DIY is located in the south-central part of the island of Java, is geographically located at 8º 30 '- 7º 20' South latitude and 109º 40 '- 111º 0' east longitude. Based on the landscape, DIY can be grouped into four physiographic units, namely the physiographic unit of Merapi Volcano, Sewu Mountains physiographic units or Thousand Mountains, Mountain physiographic unit Kulon Progo, and physiographic unit Lowland.
Physiographic unit Merapi Volcano, which extends from the cone of the volcano to volcano fluvial plains as well as volcanic landscapes, include Sleman, Yogyakarta and parts of Bantul. Cone area, and the slopes of the volcano is a protected forest area as a subordinate local water catchment area. Landscape unit is located in Sleman north. Mount Merapi, an active volcano with special characteristics, have appeal as an object of research, education, and tourism.
Karts dominate the earth in such a structure in the southern part of Gunung
Unit Southern Mountains or the Thousand Mountains, located in the area of Gunung, a hilly region of limestone (limestone) and landscape karst barren, and the lack of surface water, with the central part of the basin Wonosari (Wonosari Basin) which has undergone removal tectonic so Plato formed into Wonosari (plateau Wonosari). This unit is a landscape results solusional process (dissolution), with the limestone parent material, and has characteristics of shallow layer of soil, and vegetation cover is very sparse.
Mountains of Kulon Progo unit, which is located in the northern part of Kulon Progo, a structural denudasional landscape with hilly topography, steep slope, and soil water potential is small.
Unit Lowlands, a landscape fluvial (river deposition process results) are dominated by alluvial plains, stretching across the southern part of Yogyakarta, ranging from Kulon Progo to Bantul bordering Thousand Mountains. This unit is a fertile area. This unit is included in the landscape marin and eolin are not utilized, the coastal region stretching from Kulon Progo to Bantul. Special landscape marin and eolin in Parangtritis in Bantul, which is famous for its sand dunes, is a natural laboratory for the study of coastal landscape.
Plains Parangtritis
The physiographic conditions affected the population distribution, the availability of infrastructure, and facilities area, and social and economic activities of the population, as well as the progress of unequal development between regions. Areas that are relatively flat, like the region plains fluvial that include Sleman, Yogyakarta and Bantul (particularly in the Agglomeration of Urban Yogyakarta) is a region with a high population density, and has a social and economic activities of high intensity, so that a larger area developed and developing.
Two watersheds (DAS) is quite large in the province is Progo watershed in the west, and the Peel-Oya river basin in the east. The rivers are quite well-known in the province include the river Serang, Progo rivers, streams Bedog, Winongo rivers, streams Boyong-Code, Gajah Wong River, Peel rivers, and streams Oya.
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